Lining for vessels



Feb. 26, 1935,

J. CARLSTROM LINING FOR VESSELS Filed June 17, 1932 RQVENTQR ATTORNEYPatented Feb. 26, 1935 I c 1,992,470

UNITED STATES PATENT o FicF.

LINING FOR VESSELS- John Carlstrom, Port Arthur, Tex., assignor to.

The Texas Company, New York, N. Y., a cor-' poration of DelawareApplication June 17, 1932, SerialNo. 617,832

3 Claims. (Cl. 196-133) This invention relates to interior linings forthe event the lining may eventually rupture at the protection of vesselsin which the treatment of point ofbuckling. Y t materials corrosive tothe walls thereof may be I have discovered that in the pressure crackingcarried on, and refers particularly to the lining of of hydrocarbon oilit is not necessary to com- '5 ordinary steel vessels used in thepressure crackpletely isolate the Walls of the vessel from the 5 ing ofhydrocarbon oil. 'inclosed oil or vapor. and that moreover if certain Inthe pressure cracking of petroleum fracof the products of reaction suchas carbon or tions corrosive compounds are encountered or are cokeyparticles are permitted to deposit on the developed in the decompositionprocess which atsurface thereof they'may form a protective coattack thesteel walls of the vessels in which the ing which is itselfresistant to"corrosion. I-have 1 treatment is being carried on, which has the effectfurther discovered that corrosion often proceeds of deteriorating orcorroding away the metal very most rapidly from the clean surface of ametal rapidly. and that certain of the forming sulfides and other Inpractice the shells of vessels of this class are corrosion productsmay-themselves, as a coating,

fabricated of much heavier material than is necbe" aprotection againstmore advanced or, con- '15 essary merely to withstand the temperaturesand tinned corrosion of the steel walls. It is noted, pressuresor'dinarily'employed, for the reason that however, that in the vaporspace of cracking vesin the course of operation the interior surfaces of'sels, where corrosion is more pronounced,- the the wallsaredeteriorated to such an extent that walls of the vessel are normallyswept relatively their strength is'materiallyimpaired. Acc'ordclean ofany protecting film such as coke and 20 ingly it has been necessary toallow fora certain that any protection against corrosion which wouldamount of deterioration by making the walls of otherwise be afforded bydeposits of coke or of extra thickness. It'will be seen that the expensecorrosion products, such as sulfides, is thereby of constructing largevessels is multiplied rapidly continuously destroyed. r 7 f 1 as thethickness of the shells is increased. Itis The invention contemplates arelatively cheap 25 therefore of advantage to provide an effectivelining formed of a plurality of sections of sheet lining which isadapted to protect the interior metal which is adapted to fully coverand protect surface of a vessel and which may be readily rethe surface.or portions thereof of the vessel to paired or removed from andreplaced inthe vessel. which it may be applied. The sections compris- 80According to the usual practice, metallic or ing th e lining overlapthereby forming a conalloy metal linings have been'provided which aretinuous lining surrounding the interior wall of bonded to the vesselproper and are designed to the vessel. e present an imperviousshieldagainst contact of It is an object of the invention to providea thematerial being treated with the walls of the lining of light simpleconstruction which may be vessel. Among the chief difiicultiesencountered securely fastened or anchored to the walls of the l 3 inlinings of this type is the difierence in the covessel and which may bereadily repaired or reefficient of expansion of the material'of which vd f and replaced in'the vessel. r the vessel itself is made and that ofwhich the 4 Another Object this inVentiOn is o p v de lining may bemadeQandthat many substances a lining of light simple constructionhaving the fie t-vel tothe Steel of which same coefficient of expansionas the vessel. 40 cannot bebonded e c y The invention will-be more fullyunderstood by the vessel is made.

referring to the following description and the In instances wherelinings are bonded to the accompanying drawing in which:

vessel and where the coefficient of expansion of g the lining materialis less than that of the vessel, 1 1s View m sectlonal elevatlon of anthe vessel has a tendency to expand away from .bodiment of m inventionin which event the lining, n being Strong Fig. 21s a viewtaken on t eline 2-2 of Fig. 1. enough Withstand the pressure usually Fig.3 is anenlarged view in sectional"eleva-. p oy l yp may be expand d y t e tionor the'lining joints shown on theright hand 50 force of the pressure tothe larger size and buckle sid'exof Fig. 1. I when the temperature isnext lowered to atmos Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of thepipeconnecpheric. On the other hand where the ,coemcient tion and itslining shown on the left hand side of expansion of the lining is greaterthan that of of Fig. 1. V the vessel it will have a tendency to bulgeand Referring now to Fig. 1, an upper section of a buckle when. the,temperature is raised, in which vertical cylindrical'vessel having aconvex end '55 interiorly lined vessel showinga preferred em- '45 ordome is illustrated which may be used in the pressure cracking ofhydrocarbon oil. The apparatus shown is intended to be that portion of avertical expansion chamber which is situated above a level of liquidcarried in the vessel, which is usually referred to as the vapor spaceand in which the corrosive action of the existing vapors is especiallypronounced. That portion of the vessel shown comprises a shell portion1, a manway 2, a pipe connection 3, a vapor outlet pipe 4 and thelining.

While I have shown a vertical cylindrical vessel having a convex end, itis to be clearly, understood that my invention is not limited to avessel shaped in this manner. The ,vessel may be of any shape and maybepositioned in a horizontal or slanting position without departing fromthe scope of the invention.

According to the lHVBIltlOlL'lJhi-l lining may include one or morecircumferential rows of rec tangular plate sections logdepending uponthe vertical dimension of the shell portion to be lined, and a row ofrectangular plate sections .11. These plate sections are individuallyrolled to fit the interior curvature of the shell andtheadjacent-vertical edges of the plates may overlap, as at 12, and theoverlapping plates may be bonded together at any desired intervals bytack welding, as at 13. The plates 10 may be supported-by welding theentire top edges thereof to the shell 1, as at 14, or by tack weldingthe top edges in severalplaces to the shell; The plates 11 may likewise,be supported at the top edges thereof, either by welding directlyto theshell or by welding, as at 15, to a circular flat bar 16 which may bedivided into arcuate sections whose ends abut and ispreferably welded tothe shell 1 as at 17. A fiat bar. 18 which may also be divided intoarouate sections may be fastened to the plates l0-at their lower rim bytack welding at appropriate in,-

. tervals for retaining the plates in proper circular alignment with theshell. A fiat bar 19 of similar construction to the bar, 18 maybesecured at the lower edge of the plates 11 which is preferablyappropriately situated and of sufficient width to bridge any gapexisting between the plates 11 and the plates 10.

Segmental dome plates 20 are provided for lining the convex end, theadjacent, edges, of which form abutting joints. The dome plates arepreferably supported attheir lower or flaring ends by welding them tothe shell, as at 25, and along their abutting joints by supporting bars26. The'bars 26 are preferably supported at their lower ends by welding,as at 28, to a sectional flat bar 27 which is preferablysecuredto theupper ends of the plates 11 or to the flat bar 16 by welding, as at 29.At the top of the dome, a disclike plate 30 is preferably attached tothe inwardly protruding'vapor outlet pipe by welding as at 31. The plate30 is adapted to overlap and support the upper or tapering ends of thedome plates 20 and also the bars 26, the upper ends of which abut andarewelded to the peripheral edge of the disc 30. V

A lining is provided for the manway 2 comprising a. thimble or sleeve 33which may be secured V therein by welding the outer end to the neck ofthe manway, as at 34, and by flaring the inner end against the walllining and welding'it-tothenlining, as at 35.

The pipe connection 3, which in most cases is provided for communicationto an adjoining vessel, may preferably be lined from one vessel throughto the other. The connection to the lining is shown clearly in Fig. 4.The lining consists of a sleeve 41 of such length as to project slightlypast the inwardly protruding end of the connection 3. A disc-like member42, whose surface is compressed to form a circular concavity between theend of the pipe lining 41 and the vessel lining, is welded at its inneredge to the end of the pipe lining, as at 43, and at its outer orperipheral edge to the vessel lining, as at 44, and serves to protectthe end of the pipe connection where it is welded .to the wall of thevessel.

My invention is not limited to any particular method of welding as anyof the known methods may be employed.

It will be seen that an effective lining has thus been provided which isinexpensive to install and which may be repaired or removed from andreplaced in the vessel with a minimum amount of eifort. In the novelform of construction shown, the adjacent plates overlap and this featureis of value especially in lining partly worn or even new vessels inwhich variations in diameter exist as betweendifierent verticallocations. The form of lining shown is intended particularly, for use inconjunction with ordinary mild steel having approximately the samecoeiiicient of expansion as the material of which the vessel itself isconstructed. By using a metal for lining having the same coefficient ofexpansion as the vessel itself, it will be readily seen that thetendency of the lining to buckle or bulge with respect to the vesselwhen subjected to temperature variations is obviated. Moreover thelining. may be extended throughout the vessel the'lower end beingarranged substantially the same .as the upper.

While'I have shown and describedan interior lining for a vessel used inthe cracking of hydrocarbon oils, it is to be understood that myinvention is not limited to this type of vessel. Obviously the inventionis applicable to any type of vessel in which a protective lining isdesirable. Moreover, the invention is not limited to a vessel ofordinary steel as any metal or metal alloy may be used to construct thevessel. In carrying out the invention, it is contemplated that thelining for the vessel should be made from the same metal or metal alloyas that used in thevessel itself, or from a metal or metal alloy havingapproximately the same coefficient of expansion as the metal or metalalloy. used in. the vessel. As an example of the latter, the "vessel maybe made from ordinary steelwhose coefiicient of expansion is .0000061per degree F. and the liner from a low. chrome alloy, e. g. 4-6%chromium, whose coefiicient of expansion is .0000062 per degree F.Obviously many modifications and variations of the invention, ashereinbefore set forth, may

be made without departing from the spirit and ;vex end, an interiorlining comprising a plurality of rectangular plate sections adapted toform a plurality of continuous rings around the interior of the vessel,each of said sections having vertical and horizontal edges with thevertical edges overlapping and the horizontal edges welded to the vesselat their upper ends'and braced at their lower ends, segmental platesections adapted to forma liningfor the-convex end, each of said platesections having a flaring end and a tapering end, the. flaring end beingwelded to the side of the convex end and the tapering end being securednear the center thereof, a circular flat bar overlapping and attached tothe flaring ends of the segmental plate sections and overlapping theupper ends of the top ring of rectangular plate section, a circular flatbar attached to the lower ends of the plate sections of each ringadapted to brace the attached plate sections against the vessel andoverlapping the upper ends of the next lower ring of plate sections, and

a circular plate attached to the center of the convex end adapted tooverlap and secure the tapering ends of the segmental plate section.

2. In a vertical cylindrical vessel having a convex end, an interiorpartial lining comprising a circular flat bar welded to the upperportion of the vertical vessel, a plurality of rectangular platesections adapted to form a plurality of continuous rings around theinterior or" the vessel, each of said sections having vertical andhorizontal edges with the vertical edges tack welded together at aplurality of points and the upper horizontal edges welded to saidcircular flat bar, a circular flat bar welded to the lower ends of theplate sections of each ring adapted to brace the attached plate sectionsagainst the vessel, and overlapping the upper ends of the next lower'ring of plate sections, segmental plate sections adapted to form alining for the convex end,

each of said plate sections having a flaring end and a tapering end,the'flaring end being welded to the convex end nearthe upper edge of thefirst mentioned flat bar, a circular flat bar overlapping and welded tothe first mentioned flat bar and the flaring ends of the segmental platesections, a circular plate attached to the center of the convex endoverlapping and supporting the tapering ends of the segmental platesections, and supporting bars for the segmental plate sections, havingone end welded to the third men-' tioned fiat bar and the other endwelded to the peripheral edge of the circular plate. 1

3. A vessel adapted for refining hydrocarbons comprising a hollowcylindrical metal body member, a plurality of metal rings forming linersections arranged end to end longitudinally of said cylindrical bodyadjacent the wall of said body.

each of said rings comprising a plurality of metal sheets, means unitingthe adjacent longitudinal edges of said sheets, means securing one edgeof each of said sheets forming the peripheral edge of each ring to thewall of said cylindrical body andmeans for holding the opposite'edges ofsaid sheets to maintain them in position against the wall of thecylindrical body, said last mentioned means being affixed to said sheetsonly.

JOHN CARLSTROM.

